Which of the Following Art Forms Was an Original Japanese Invention?

Traditional Japanese art of paper folding

The folding of an Origami crane

Origami ( 折り紙 , Japanese pronunciation: [oɾiɡami] or [oɾiꜜɡami], from ori meaning "folding", and kami pregnant "newspaper" (kami changes to gami due to rendaku)) is the art of paper folding, which is often associated with Japanese culture. In modern usage, the word "origami" is used as an inclusive term for all folding practices, regardless of their civilisation of origin. The goal is to transform a apartment foursquare sheet of newspaper into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting techniques. Modern origami practitioners more often than not discourage the use of cuts, mucilage, or markings on the paper. Origami folders oft use the Japanese word kirigami to refer to designs which employ cuts.

The small number of basic origami folds can be combined in a variety of means to make intricate designs. The best-known origami model is the Japanese paper crane. In general, these designs begin with a square sheet of newspaper whose sides may be of different colors, prints, or patterns. Traditional Japanese origami, which has been adept since the Edo period (1603–1867), has ofttimes been less strict about these conventions, sometimes cutting the newspaper or using nonsquare shapes to kickoff with. The principles of origami are too used in stents, packaging, and other engineering applications.^{[i] [2]}

History

The folding of two origami cranes linked together, from the commencement known book on origami, Hiden senbazuru orikata, published in Nihon in 1797

Distinct paperfolding traditions arose in Europe, China, and Nippon which have been well-documented by historians. These seem to take been more often than not carve up traditions, until the 20th century.

In China, traditional funerals frequently include the burning of folded paper, most frequently representations of golden nuggets (yuanbao). The practise of burning newspaper representations instead of full-scale wood or clay replicas dates from the Vocal Dynasty (905–1125 CE), though it is not articulate how much folding was involved.^[3]

In Japan, the earliest unambiguous reference to a newspaper model is in a curt verse form by Ihara Saikaku in 1680 which mentions a traditional butterfly blueprint used during Shinto weddings.^[4] Folding filled some ceremonial functions in Edo period Japanese culture; noshi were attached to gifts, much similar greeting cards are used today. This adult into a form of amusement; the first 2 instructional books published in Japan are clearly recreational.

In Europe, there was a well-developed genre of napkin folding, which flourished during the 17th and 18th centuries. After this menses, this genre declined and was mostly forgotten; historian Joan Sallas attributes this to the introduction of porcelain, which replaced complex napkin folds as a dinner-tabular array condition symbol among nobility.^[5] However, some of the techniques and bases associated with this tradition continued to be a part of European civilisation; folding was a significant part of Friedrich Fröbel's "Kindergarten" method, and the designs published in connection with his curriculum are stylistically similar to the napkin fold repertoire. Another case of early origami in Europe is the "pajarita," a stylized bird whose origins appointment from at least the nineteenth century.^[6]

When Nippon opened its borders in the 1860s, as part of a modernization strategy, they imported Fröbel'due south Kindergarten arrangement—and with information technology, High german ideas about paperfolding. This included the ban on cuts, and the starting shape of a bicolored square. These ideas, and some of the European folding repertoire, were integrated into the Japanese tradition. Before this, traditional Japanese sources use a diverseness of starting shapes, often had cuts; and if they had color or markings, these were added after the model was folded.^[vii]

In the early 1900s, Akira Yoshizawa, Kosho Uchiyama, and others began creating and recording original origami works. Akira Yoshizawa in item was responsible for a number of innovations, such as wet-folding and the Yoshizawa–Randlett diagramming system, and his work inspired a renaissance of the art form.^[8] During the 1980s a number of folders started systematically studying the mathematical properties of folded forms, which led to a rapid increase in the complication of origami models.^[9]

Starting in the late 20th century, at that place has been a renewed interest in understanding the behavior of folding affair, both artistically and scientifically. The "new origami," which distinguishes it from old arts and crafts practices, has had a rapid evolution due to the contribution of computational mathematics and the development of techniques such equally box-pleating, tessellations and moisture-folding. Artists like Robert J. Lang, Erik Demaine, Sipho Mabona, Giang Dinh, Paul Jackson, and others, are frequently cited for advancing new applications of the art. The computational facet and the interchanges through social networks, where new techniques and designs are introduced, take raised the profile of origami in the 21st century.^{[10] [11] [12]}

Techniques and materials

Techniques

A list of nine basic origami folds: the valley (or mountain), the pleat, the rabbit ear, the outside contrary, the within opposite, the crimp, the squash, the sink and the petal

Many origami books brainstorm with a clarification of basic origami techniques which are used to construct the models. This includes uncomplicated diagrams of basic folds like valley and mountain folds, pleats, reverse folds, squash folds, and sinks. There are likewise standard named bases which are used in a wide multifariousness of models, for instance the bird base is an intermediate stage in the construction of the flapping bird.^[13] Boosted bases are the preliminary base (square base), fish base, waterbomb base, and the frog base of operations.^[14]

Origami newspaper

A crane and papers of the same size used to fold it

Almost any laminar (flat) material tin can be used for folding; the merely requirement is that it should hold a crease.

Origami paper, oftentimes referred to as "kami" (Japanese for paper), is sold in prepackaged squares of diverse sizes ranging from 2.5 cm (one in) to 25 cm (10 in) or more. It is commonly colored on one side and white on the other; however, dual coloured and patterned versions exist and can exist used finer for colour-inverse models. Origami paper weighs slightly less than copy paper, making it suitable for a wider range of models.

Normal copy paper with weights of 70–xc one thousand/one thousand² (nineteen–24 lb) tin can be used for uncomplicated folds, such as the crane and waterbomb. Heavier weight papers of 100 g/m² (approx. 25 lb) or more can be wet-folded. This technique allows for a more rounded sculpting of the model, which becomes rigid and sturdy when it is dry.

Foil-backed paper, as its name implies, is a sail of thin foil glued to a sail of sparse paper. Related to this is tissue foil, which is made past gluing a thin piece of tissue paper to kitchen aluminium foil. A second piece of tissue can be glued onto the opposite side to produce a tissue/foil/tissue sandwich. Foil-backed paper is available commercially, only non tissue foil; it must be handmade. Both types of foil materials are suitable for complex models.

Washi ( 和紙 ) is the traditional origami newspaper used in Japan. Washi is mostly tougher than ordinary paper made from woods pulp, and is used in many traditional arts. Washi is usually made using fibres from the bawl of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub (Edgeworthia papyrifera), or the paper mulberry simply tin also be fabricated using bamboo, hemp, rice, and wheat.

Artisan papers such as unryu, lokta, hanji^{[ citation needed ]}, gampi, kozo, saa, and abaca have long fibers and are often extremely strong. As these papers are floppy to start with, they are often backcoated or resized with methylcellulose or wheat paste before folding. Likewise, these papers are extremely thin and compressible, assuasive for thin, narrowed limbs as in the case of insect models.

Paper money from various countries is also pop to create origami with; this is known variously as Dollar Origami, Orikane, and Money Origami.

Tools

It is common to fold using a flat surface, but some folders like doing it in the air with no tools, especially when displaying the folding.^{[ citation needed ]} Some folders believe that no tool should be used when folding.^{[ commendation needed ]} However a couple of tools tin can help particularly with the more than circuitous models. For example a os folder allows sharp creases to be made in the newspaper hands, paper clips can act as extra pairs of fingers, and tweezers can be used to make pocket-sized folds. When making circuitous models from origami pucker patterns, information technology can assist to utilise a ruler and ballpoint embosser to score the creases. Completed models can be sprayed so that they go along their shape better, and a spray is needed when wet folding.

Types

Action origami

In add-on to the more common yet-life origami, there are also moving object designs; origami tin motility. Activity origami includes origami that flies, requires inflation to complete, or, when complete, uses the kinetic energy of a person's hands, practical at a certain region on the model, to motility another flap or limb. Some fence that, strictly speaking, but the latter is really "recognized" equally action origami. Action origami, first appearing with the traditional Japanese flapping bird, is quite common. Ane case is Robert Lang'due south instrumentalists; when the figures' heads are pulled away from their bodies, their easily will move, resembling the playing of music.

Modular origami

Modular origami consists of putting a number of identical pieces together to form a consummate model. Often the individual pieces are uncomplicated, but the final assembly may exist more than difficult. Many modular origami models are decorative folding balls such as kusudama, which differ from classical origami in that the pieces may be held together using thread or glue.

Chinese paper folding, a cousin of origami, includes a similar style called gold venture folding where large numbers of pieces are put together to create elaborate models. This style is near commonly known equally "3D origami". However, that name did not appear until Joie Staff published a series of books titled 3D Origami, More 3D Origami, and More and More 3D Origami.^{[ citation needed ]} This style originated from some Chinese refugees while they were detained in America and is likewise called Aureate Venture folding from the ship they came on.^{[ citation needed ]}

Wet-folding

Wet-folding is an origami technique for producing models with gentle curves rather than geometric direct folds and flat surfaces. The paper is dampened and then it can be moulded easily, the concluding model keeps its shape when it dries. It can be used, for instance, to produce very natural looking beast models. Size, an agglutinative that is crisp and difficult when dry, but dissolves in water when moisture and becoming soft and flexible, is frequently applied to the paper either at the pulp phase while the newspaper is beingness formed, or on the surface of a ready canvass of paper. The latter method is called external sizing and nearly commonly uses Methylcellulose, or MC, paste, or various plant starches.

Pureland origami

Pureland origami adds the restrictions that merely simple mountain/valley folds may be used, and all folds must have straightforward locations. Information technology was developed past John Smith in the 1970s to help inexperienced folders or those with limited motor skills. Some designers also like the claiming of creating within the very strict constraints.

Origami tessellations

Origami tessellation is a branch that has grown in popularity after 2000. A tessellation is a collection of figures filling a plane with no gaps or overlaps. In origami tessellations, pleats are used to connect molecules such as twist folds together in a repeating style. During the 1960s, Shuzo Fujimoto was the first to explore twist fold tessellations in any systematic way, coming up with dozens of patterns and establishing the genre in the origami mainstream. Around the same time period, Ron Resch patented some tessellation patterns as part of his explorations into kinetic sculpture and developable surfaces, although his work was not known by the origami customs until the 1980s. Chris Palmer is an artist who has extensively explored tessellations later seeing the Zilij patterns in the Alhambra, and has found ways to create detailed origami tessellations out of silk. Robert Lang and Alex Bateman are two designers who use computer programs to create origami tessellations. The get-go international convention devoted to origami tessellations was hosted in Brasília (Brazil) in 2006,^[15] and the first instruction volume on tessellation folding patterns was published past Eric Gjerde in 2008.^[sixteen] Since then, the field has grown very chop-chop. Tessellation artists include Polly Verity (Scotland); Joel Cooper, Christine Edison, Ray Schamp and Goran Konjevod from the United states; Roberto Gretter (Italy); Christiane Bettens (Switzerland); Carlos Natan López (United mexican states); and Jorge C. Lucero (Brazil).

Kirigami

Kirigami is a Japanese term for newspaper cutting. Cutting was often used in traditional Japanese origami, but mod innovations in technique have made the use of cuts unnecessary. Most origami designers no longer consider models with cuts to be origami, instead using the term Kirigami to describe them. This change in mental attitude occurred during the 1960s and 70s, so early on origami books often utilise cuts, just for the most role they have disappeared from the mod origami repertoire; most modern books don't fifty-fifty mention cutting.^[17]

Strip folding

Strip folding is a combination of newspaper folding and paper weaving.^[18] A mutual example of strip folding is called the Lucky Star, also called Chinese lucky star, dream star, wishing star, or simply origami star. Another common fold is the Moravian Star which is made past strip folding in iii-dimensional design to include sixteen spikes.^[xviii]

Teabag folding

Example of folded "tea bag" paper

Teabag folding is credited to Dutch artist Tiny van der Plas, who adult the technique in 1992 every bit a papercraft art for embellishing greeting cards. It uses pocket-sized square pieces of paper (e.thou., a tea bag wrapper) begetting symmetrical designs that are folded in such a way that they interlock and produce a three-dimensional version of the underlying blueprint. The basic kite fold is used to produce rosettes that are a iii dimensional version of the 2nd design.

The basic rosette design requires eight matching squares to be folded into the 'kite' design. Mathematics teachers observe the designs very useful as a practical way of demonstrating some basic properties of symmetry.^{[ citation needed ]}

Mathematics and technical origami

Mathematics and practical applications

Spring Into Activeness, designed by Jeff Beynon, made from a unmarried rectangular piece of paper^[nineteen]

The practice and report of origami encapsulates several subjects of mathematical interest. For instance, the problem of flat-foldability (whether a pucker pattern tin can be folded into a 2-dimensional model) has been a topic of considerable mathematical written report.

A number of technological advances have come up from insights obtained through paper folding. For example, techniques have been developed for the deployment of car airbags and stent implants from a folded position.^[xx]

The trouble of rigid origami ("if we replaced the paper with canvas metal and had hinges in place of the crease lines, could we even so fold the model?") has great practical importance. For instance, the Miura map fold is a rigid fold that has been used to deploy large solar panel arrays for space satellites.

Origami can be used to construct various geometrical designs not possible with compass and straightedge constructions. For instance newspaper folding may be used for bending trisection and doubling the cube.

Technical origami

Technical origami, known in Japanese as origami sekkei ( 折り紙設計 ), is an origami design approach in which the model is conceived every bit an engineered crease pattern, rather than adult through trial-and-error. With advances in origami mathematics, the basic construction of a new origami model can be theoretically plotted out on paper before any actual folding even occurs. This method of origami design was developed by Robert Lang, Meguro Toshiyuki and others, and allows for the creation of extremely complex multi-limbed models such equally many-legged centipedes, homo figures with a total complement of fingers and toes, and the like.

The pucker blueprint is a layout of the creases required to form the structure of the model. Paradoxically enough, when origami designers come upwardly with a crease design for a new design, the majority of the smaller creases are relatively unimportant and added simply towards the completion of the model. What is more important is the allocation of regions of the paper and how these are mapped to the structure of the object being designed. By opening up a folded model, you tin observe the structures that comprise it; the study of these structures led to a number of pucker-pattern-oriented design approaches

The design of allocations is referred to every bit the 'circle-packing' or 'polygon-packing'. Using optimization algorithms, a circumvolve-packing effigy tin be computed for any uniaxial base of arbitrary complexity.^[21] Once this figure is computed, the creases which are then used to obtain the base structure tin be added. This is not a unique mathematical process, hence information technology is possible for two designs to have the same circumvolve-packing, and nevertheless dissimilar crease pattern structures.

As a circumvolve encloses the maximum amount of area for a given perimeter, circle packing allows for maximum efficiency in terms of newspaper usage. However, other polygonal shapes can be used to solve the packing problem as well. The utilise of polygonal shapes other than circles is often motivated by the desire to find easily locatable creases (such equally multiples of 22.5 degrees) and hence an easier folding sequence as well. One popular offshoot of the circle packing method is box-pleating, where squares are used instead of circles. As a outcome, the crease pattern that arises from this method contains merely 45 and 90 caste angles, which oftentimes makes for a more direct folding sequence.

A number of figurer aids to origami such every bit TreeMaker and Oripa, have been devised.^[22] TreeMaker allows new origami bases to be designed for special purposes^[23] and Oripa tries to summate the folded shape from the crease blueprint.^[24]

Ethics and copyright

Copyright in origami designs and the use of models has get an increasingly important outcome in the origami community, as the internet has made the sale and distribution of pirated designs very like shooting fish in a barrel.^[25] It is considered expert etiquette to ever credit the original artist and the folder when displaying origami models. It has been claimed that all commercial rights to designs and models are typically reserved by origami artists; nevertheless, the caste to which this can be enforced has been disputed. Under such a view, a person who folds a model using a legally obtained blueprint could publicly brandish the model unless such rights were specifically reserved, whereas folding a design for coin or commercial use of a photo for instance would crave consent.^[26] The Origami Authors and Creators grouping was ready up to represent the copyright interests of origami artists and facilitate permissions requests.

However, a court in Nippon has asserted that the folding method of an origami model "comprises an thought and non a creative expression, and thus is not protected nether the copyright law".^[27] Farther, the court stated that "the method to folding origami is in the public domain; one cannot avert using the same folding creases or the same arrows to evidence the direction in which to fold the paper". Therefore, it is legal to redraw the folding instructions of a model of another writer fifty-fifty if the redrawn instructions share similarities to the original ones, as long as those similarities are "functional in nature". The redrawn instructions may be published (and even sold) without necessity of any permission from the original author.

Gallery

These pictures show examples of various types of origami.

• 

  Kawasaki cube, an example of an iso-expanse model

• 

• 

  Smart Waterbomb using circular paper and curved folds

• 

In popular civilization

• In House of Cards flavour 1, episode 6, Claire Underwood gives a homeless man cash, and he later returns it folded into the shape of a bird.^[28] Claire then begins making origami animals, and in episode 7 she gives several to Peter Russo for his children.^[29]
• In Blade Runner, Gaff folds origami throughout the movie, and an origami unicorn he folds forms a major plot point.^[30]
• The philosophy and plot of the science fiction story "Ghostweight" by Yoon Ha Lee revolve effectually origami. In information technology, origami serves equally a metaphor for history: "It is non true that the dead cannot be folded. Square becomes kite becomes swan; history becomes rumor becomes song. Fifty-fifty the act of remembrance creases the truth".^[31] A major element of the plot is the weaponry called jerengjen of space mercenaries, which unfold from apartment shapes: "In the streets, jerengjen unfolded prettily, expanding into artillery with dragon-shaped shadows and sleek four-legged assault robots with wolf-shaped shadows. In the skies, jerengjen unfolded into bombers with kestrel-shaped shadows." The story says that the give-and-take means the art of newspaper folding in the mercenaries' main language. In an interview, when asked about the discipline, the author tells that he became fascinated with dimensions since reading the novel Flatland.^[32]
• The 2010 video game Heavy Rain has an antagonist known as the origami killer.
• In the BBC telly program QI, it is reported that origami in the form it is commonly known, where paper is folded without existence cut or glued likely originated in Frg and was imported to Nippon as late as 1860 when Japan opened its borders (Withal, it is confirmed that paper cranes using this technique have existed in Japan since the Edo period before 1860).^[33]
• Paper Mario: The Origami King is a 2020 Nintendo Switch game featuring Mario series characters in an origami-themed world.

Run across too

• Fold-forming
• Furoshiki
• Japanese fine art
• List of origamists
• Origamic architecture
• Newspaper craft
• Paper fortune teller
• Paper aeroplane

References

1. ^ Merali, Zeeya (June 17, 2011), "'Origami Engineer' Flexes to Create Stronger, More Active Materials", Scientific discipline, 332 (6036): 1376–1377, Bibcode:2011Sci...332.1376M, doi:10.1126/scientific discipline.332.6036.1376, PMID 21680824 .
2. ^ "Run into a NASA Physicist's Incredible Origami" (video). Southwest Daily News. March 16, 2019.
3. ^ Laing, Ellen Johnston (2004). Up In Flames. Stanford Academy Press. ISBN978-0-8047-3455-iv.
4. ^ Hatori Koshiro. "History of Origami". K'southward Origami . Retrieved January 1, 2010.
5. ^ Joan Sallas. "Gefaltete Schönheit." 2010.
6. ^ Lister, David. "David Lister on The Pajarita". The Lister Listing . Retrieved December 7, 2019.
7. ^ "History of Origami in the East and W before Interfusion", by Koshiro Hatori. From Origami^5, ed. Patsy Wang Iverson et al. CRC Printing 2011.
8. ^ Margalit Trick (April 2, 2005). "Akira Yoshizawa, 94, Modern Origami Master". The New York Times.
9. ^ Lang, Robert J. "Origami Design Secrets" Dover Publications, 2003.
10. ^ Gould, Vanessa. "Between the Folds, a documentary film".
11. ^ McArthur, Meher (2012). Folding Paper: The Infinite Possibilities of Origami. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN978-0804843386.
12. ^ McArthur, Meher (2020). New Expressions in Origami Art. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN978-0804853453.
13. ^ Rick Beech (2009). The Practical Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Origami. Lorenz Books. ISBN978-0-7548-1982-0.
14. ^ Jeremy Shafer (2001). Origami to Astonish and Amuse. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN0-312-25404-0.
15. ^ Bettens, Christiane (August 2006). "Beginning origami tessellation convention". Flickr. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
16. ^ Gjerde, Eric (2008). Origami Tessellations. Taylor & Francis. ISBN9781568814513.
17. ^ Lang, Robert J. (2003). Origami Design Secrets. A K Peters. ISBN1-56881-194-ii.
18. ^ ^{a b} "Strip folding". Origami Resources Center. 2018. Retrieved Feb 19, 2018.
19. ^ The Earth of Geometric Toy, Origami Bound, August, 2007.
20. ^ Cheong Chew and Hiromasa Suziki, Geometrical Properties of Paper Leap, reported in Mamoru Mitsuishi, Kanji Ueda, Fumihiko Kimura, Manufacturing Systems and Technologies for the New Frontier (2008), p. 159.
21. ^ "TreeMaker".
22. ^ Patsy Wang-Iverson; Robert James Lang; Mark Yim, eds. (2010). Origami five: Fifth International Meeting of Origami Scientific discipline, Mathematics, and Education. CRC Press. pp. 335–370. ISBN978-1-56881-714-9.
23. ^ Lang, Robert. "TreeMaker". Retrieved April 9, 2013.
24. ^ Mitani, Jun. "ORIPA: Origami Pattern Editor". Retrieved Apr nine, 2013.
25. ^ Robinson, Nick (2008). Origami Kit for Dummies. Wiley. pp. 36–38. ISBN978-0-470-75857-1.
26. ^ "Origami Copyright Analysis+FAQ" (PDF). OrigamiUSA. 2008. p. 9.
27. ^ "Japanese Origami Artist Loses Copyright Battle With Japanese Television set Station". Keissen Assembly. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
28. ^ "House of Cards: Affiliate vi". AV Social club.
29. ^ "House of Cards: Chapter 7". AV Club.
30. ^ Greenwald, Ted. "Q&A: Ridley Scott Has Finally Created the Bract Runner He Always Imagined". Wired . Retrieved March 14, 2015.
31. ^ Molly Chocolate-brown, "King Arthur and the Knights of the Postmodern Legend"; in: The Middle Ages in Popular Culture: Medievalism and Genre – Pupil Edition, 2015, p. 163
32. ^ "Interview: Yoon Ha Lee, Author of Conservation of Shadows, on Writing and Her Allure to Infinite Opera". SF Signal. May xxx, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
33. ^ Guide, British Comedy. "QI Serial O, Episode 10 - Origins And Openings". British Comedy Guide . Retrieved January 13, 2019. The fine art of folding paper into shapes without cutting it comes from Germany. Origami uses white paper, which tin exist folded and cutting. German language kindergartens use paper that is uncut and is coloured on one side, and this came into Japan when the country opened its borders in 1860. Thus what we by and large consider origami today in fact has German roots.

Farther reading

• Kunihiko Kasahara (1988). Origami Motorbus: Paper Folding for Everybody. Tokyo: Japan Publications, Inc. ISBN 4-8170-9001-iv

  A book for a more avant-garde origamian; this book presents many more complicated ideas and theories, besides equally related topics in geometry and culture, along with model diagrams.

• Kunihiko Kasahara and Toshie Takahama (1987). Origami for the Connoisseur. Tokyo: Japan Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-87040-670-1
• Satoshi Kamiya (2005). Works by Satoshi Kamiya, 1995–2003. Tokyo: Origami House

  An extremely complex book for the elite origamian, most models accept 100+ steps to complete. Includes his famous Divine Dragon Bahamut and Ancient Dragons. Instructions are in Japanese and English.

• Kunihiko Kasahara (2001). Farthermost Origami. ISBN 0-8069-8853-3
• Michael LaFosse. Origamido : Masterworks of Paper Folding ISBN 978-1564966391
• Nick Robinson (2004). Encyclopedia of Origami. Quarto. ISBN one-84448-025-nine. A book full of stimulating designs.

External links

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Origami

• GiladOrigami.com, contains many book reviews
• WikiHow on how to make origami
• Origami The states, many resources, especially for folders in the USA
• British Origami Society, many resources, especially for folders in the UK
• Between the Folds, documentary film near origami and origami artists
• Lang, Robert (February 2008). "The math and magic of origami" (video). TED ED. Retrieved April half-dozen, 2013.
• Robert Lang (March 16, 2019). "Run across a NASA Physicist's Incredible Origami" (video). Southwest Daily News.
• Technology with Origami, YouTube video by Veritasium about uses of origami for structural engineering

coxmencre1945.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origami

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