Herbie Rides Again It Is My Own Address

1974–1984 American television sitcom set in the 1950's

Happy Days
Also known as	Happy Days Again
Genre	Sitcom
Created past	Garry Marshall
Starring	Ron Howard Marion Ross Anson Williams Tom Bosley Henry Winkler Donny Most Erin Moran Pat Morita Al Molinaro Scott Baio Lynda Goodfriend Cathy Silvers Ted McGinley Linda Purl Heather O'Rourke
Theme music composer	Max C. Freedman and James E. Myers (1974–75, opening) Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox (1975–83, opening), (1974–84, ending)
Opening theme	"Rock Effectually the Clock", performed by Bill Haley & His Comets (1974–75) "Happy Days", performed by: The Ron Hicklin Singers (1975–83), Bobby Arvon (1983–84)
Catastrophe theme	"Happy Days", performed by: Jim Haas (1974–75), The Ron Hicklin Singers (1975–83), Bobby Arvon (1983–84)
Composers	John Aggravate Frank Comstock Pete King James Patrick Dunne
Country of origin	United states of america
Original language	English
No. of seasons	xi
No. of episodes	255 (listing of episodes)
Production
Executive producers	Garry Marshall Thomas L. Miller Edward Thousand. Milkis Robert L. Boyett
Producers	William Bickley Michael Warren Anthony W. Marshall Ronny Hallin Fred Flim-flam, Jr.
Camera setup	Single-camera (1974–75) Multi-camera (1975–84)
Running time	25 minutes
Production companies	Miller-Milkis Productions (1974–1981) (seasons ane–8) Henderson Production Company, Inc. (1978–1984) (seasons 6–11) Miller-Milkis-Boyett Productions (1981–1984) (seasons 9–xi) Paramount Telly
Benefactor	CBS Television Distribution
Release
Original network	ABC
Picture format	35mm picture show 4:iii
Audio format	Monaural
Original release	January 15, 1974 (1974-01-15) – July xix, 1984 (1984-07-19)
Chronology
Preceded by	Love, American Style
Related shows	Laverne & Shirley Blansky'southward Beauties Mork & Mindy Out of the Blue Joanie Loves Chachi

Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired outset-run on the ABC network from Jan xv, 1974, to July nineteen, 1984, with a total of 255 half-60 minutes episodes spanning eleven seasons. Created by Garry Marshall, it was one of the most successful series of the 1970s. The serial presented an arcadian vision of life in the 1950s and early 1960s Midwestern United states of america, and starred Ron Howard as Richie Cunningham, Henry Winkler as his friend Fonzie, and Tom Bosley and Marion Ross as Richie's parents, Howard and Marion Cunningham.^[1] Although information technology opened to mixed reviews from critics, Happy Days became successful and popular over fourth dimension.^[ii]

The serial began every bit an unsold pilot starring Howard, Ross and Anson Williams, which aired in 1972 as a segment titled "Honey and the Television Set" (later retitled "Dearest and the Happy Days" for syndication) on ABC'southward album prove Beloved, American Style. Based on the pilot, director George Lucas bandage Howard every bit the atomic number 82 in his 1973 film American Graffiti, causing ABC to take a renewed interest in the pilot. The get-go two seasons of Happy Days focused on the experiences and dilemmas of "innocent teenager" Richie Cunningham, his family, and his high school friends, attempting to "honestly depict a wistful look back at adolescence".^[2]

Initially a moderate success, the serial' ratings began to fall during its second season, causing Marshall to retool it. The new format emphasized wide comedy and spotlighted the previously minor grapheme of Fonzie, a "cool" biker and high school dropout.^[2] Following these changes, Happy Days became the number-1 program in television in 1976–1977, Fonzie became one of the almost merchandised characters of the 1970s, and Henry Winkler became a major star.^{[3] [4]} The series besides spawned a number of spin-offs, including Laverne & Shirley and Mork & Mindy.

Plot [edit]

Gear up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin during the 1950's, the series revolves around teenager Richie Cunningham and his family: his father, Howard, who owns a hardware shop; traditional homemaker and mother, Marion; younger sister Joanie Cunningham; Richie's older brother Chuck (briefly in seasons 1 and 2 just, disappearing from storylines afterward); and high school dropout, greaser, and suave ladies' man Fonzie, who would eventually get Richie's all-time friend and the Cunninghams' over-the-garage tenant. The before episodes circumduct around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber and Ralph Malph, with Fonzie every bit a secondary grapheme. However, as the series progressed, Fonzie proved to exist a favorite with viewers, and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity; Winkler eventually received top billing in the opening credits alongside Howard.^[5] Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family, and when Richie left the series for military service, Fonzie became the central effigy of the show, with Winkler receiving sole top billing. In later seasons, other characters were introduced including Fonzie's young cousin, Chachi Arcola, who became a honey involvement for Joanie Cunningham.

The series' pilot was originally shown every bit Dear and the Television Fix, later retitled Love and the Happy Days for syndication, a one-episode teleplay on the anthology serial Beloved, American Style, aired on February 25, 1972. Happy Days spawned successful goggle box shows Laverne & Shirley and Mork & Mindy every bit well as three failures, Joanie Loves Chachi, Blansky's Beauties featuring Nancy Walker as Howard's cousin,^[6] and Out of the Blueish. The evidence is the basis for the Happy Days musical touring the United States since 2008. The leather jacket worn by Winkler during the serial was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for the permanent collection at the National Museum of American History.^[7] The original tan McGregor windbreaker Winkler wore during the offset season was somewhen thrown into the garbage after ABC relented and allowed the Fonzie character to wear a leather jacket.

Episodes [edit]

Bandage [edit]

 Main

 Recurring

 Invitee

Characters [edit]

Main [edit]

• Richie Cunningham – The protagonist for the commencement seven years of the series (1974–eighty). When Ron Howard left the prove due to his burgeoning directorial career, Richie was written out by leaving to join the U.s. Army. He marries his girlfriend, Lori Beth, in season 8 by phone, while Fonzie stands-in for him in the wedding.^[9] Howard returned for guest appearances as Richie during the bear witness'southward terminal season. He came dorsum with Lori Beth and their son, Richie Jr., and Ralph in the flavour eleven two-part episode, "Welcome Home", and and so left for California with Lori Beth and Richie Sr. to pursue a career in screenwriting. He too returned in "Passages", when he and his family attended Joanie and Chachi'south wedding.^[ten]
• Marion Cunningham – Wife of Howard Cunningham, mother of Richie and Joanie, and a traditional homemaker. She is the only character who is allowed to call Fonzie by his existent first name, Arthur, which she does affectionately.^[11] She sometimes gets tired of being at domicile, such as in "Marion Rebels" where she gets into an argument with Howard and briefly gets a chore every bit a waitress at Arnold's.^[12] In "Empty Nest" when Joanie left for Chicago to pursue her music career, Marion had "empty nest syndrome" and was thrilled when her and Howard'due south niece, K.C., moved in with them.^[13] Marion was i of only iv characters to remain with the show throughout its entire run.
• Howard Cunningham – Husband of Marion Cunningham, begetter of Richie and Joanie, concern possessor of a hardware shop called "Cunningham'due south Hardware", he is a social club member, and family unit man. Frequently seen reading the daily newspaper in his easy chair.^[ane] Enjoys driving his beloved 1948 DeSoto Suburban. In "Letting Become", he did non want Joanie to go to Chicago, still seeing her as his "little girl". Merely after talking with Fonzie and realizing how much she has grown up, he supports her going.^[14] In "Passages", Howard says that he is proud of Richie and Joanie in Joanie and Chachi's nuptials. Howard is one of simply ii characters (the other being Fonzie) to appear in every episode of the serial.
• Joanie Cunningham – Richie's younger sister. In early seasons, she is sometimes snooping on Richie's activities and would occasionally be sent to her room by her parents. She is affectionately called "Shortcake" by Fonzie. Later on on, Joanie briefly joins a motorcycle gang subsequently going on a appointment with a male child, whom she considered to exist "boring". In "Smokin' Own't Cool", Joanie started smoking in order to be in a absurd gild, until Fonzie sets her directly. For years, Fonzie's cousin, Chachi, had been chasing her until she eventually agreed to a engagement with him. She and Chachi would eventually course a band together; and in "Letting Go", they go out for Chicago to pursue their music career (which spun off the brusque-lived series Joanie Loves Chachi). Joanie, nonetheless, somewhen left the band to render home to pursue a education career.^[15] She and Chachi and then broke upwardly for a time until Chachi proposes to her and they get married in the series finale.
• Arthur Fonzarelli, a.k.a. The Fonz or Fonzie – Initially a pocket-sized graphic symbol, he was a hugely pop breakout character and was fabricated a serial regular. Fonzarelli's "Fonzie" nickname and comeback phrase, "Sit on it," were created by the show'due south producer, Bob Brunner.^{[16] [17] [xviii]} Known for being especially cool and for his catchphrases "(H)eyyyy!" and "Whoa!" His coolness gave him special powers, such as making machinery (such as Arnold's jukebox and other vending machines, electric lights, and car engines) function past pounding on them with his fist, or getting the attention of girls by snapping his fingers. His parents abandoned him as a child and his grandmother raised him from the age of iv.
• Potsie Weber – Richie'due south best friend and an aspiring talented vocalizer. He is somewhat more carefree and worldly than Richie in early seasons, so in mid-seasons, he becomes more ofttimes paired with Ralph for plots, and the two became inseparable. In later seasons, his character evolves to increasingly emphasize his dimwitted side, and Ralph would often say to him "You're such a Potsie". Potsie ofttimes lightheartedly mentioned the supposed hatred his begetter (who never appeared on the show) had for him. Potsie remained with the bear witness afterward Richie and Ralph joined the Army; notwithstanding, he was seen less frequently. While Potsie's character became underdeveloped in these afterwards episodes (and he, along with Ralph, was one of the few characters absent-minded from the finale), he is mentioned to regularly bowl with the Cunninghams and notwithstanding continues his position as assistant director of Cunningham Hardware, and as pledge main of the Leopard Lodge.
• Ralph Malph – In the outset season, Ralph was more of a side grapheme to plots, but when Most became a principal bandage member in season two, Ralph was more commonly seen, and he, Richie, and Potsie (these two also afterwards became roommates) became the three amigos. Known for proverb "I all the same got it!" later delivering i of his jokes. Ralph left with Richie later the 1979–80 flavor to join the Army. Ralph returned every bit a invitee star in the final season, although he is absent-minded in the finale (along with Potsie)—he is mentioned as having left to continue higher to become an optometrist like his father.
• Chachi Arcola – Fonzie's younger cousin and later on Al Delvecchio'south stepson. Chachi is very shut to his older cousin Fonzie. Fonzie acts as the older brother effigy that Chachi needs. Chachi has a similar personality to his older cousin. He has Fonzie'due south smoothness and charisma, but Chachi is more laidback. Chachi becomes "one of the guys" as he gets older, joining Richie, Potsie, Ralph, and Fonzie in their antics. After Richie and Ralph leave the bear witness, Chachi and Fonzie oft have plots together. Chachi has a vanquish on Joanie Cunningham from the moment he meets her in season v, but she initially thinks of him as a little kid, calling him names like "shrimp", "drip", etc. Simply as they enter high schoolhouse, she too begins to detect him attractive. In flavour xi, they broke up for a short period. Just as the season progresses, they get dorsum together and Chachi eventually proposes to Joanie and she says yes. The series finale features Chachi and Joanie'due south wedding ceremony.
• Al Delvecchio – From seasons four to 9 (1976–82), Al became the new owner/cook of the drive-in after Arnold got married the previous season. Al later married Chachi's mother Louisa, thereby becoming Chachi's stepfather and Fonzie's uncle. Molinaro left Happy Days in 1982 to take his "Al" graphic symbol to Joanie Loves Chachi, and returned as Al in three afterwards episodes of Happy Days. Known for sighing "Yeeep, yeah, yep, aye, yeah" when he was disappointed or when things did non go his manner.
• Mitsumo "Arnold" Takahashi (Noriyuki "Pat" Morita) (seasons iii, x–11: 26 episodes) depicted the owner of Arnold's Drive-In for season three (1975–76). He stated that he obtained the moniker when he purchased Arnold's restaurant and people thought it was named afterwards him, explaining that it was likewise costly to buy plenty letter signs needed to rename it "Takahashi". He moonlighted every bit a martial arts instructor, teaching self-defence classes at the drive-in afterward hours. Morita too played "Arnold" as a guest star in 1977 and 1979 earlier returning as a recurring grapheme subsequently Al Molinaro departed in 1982.
• Jenny Piccolo (also Jenny Piccalo) – Joanie'south boy-crazy all-time friend (1980–83), frequently mentioned only never seen in early on episodes. She made her first on-screen appearance in the eighth season and remained a recurring graphic symbol through the ninth season, becoming a regular during the tenth flavour in 1983. She returned every bit a guest star in the 1984 series finale.^[19] Jenny's male parent, played by Cathy Silvers' existent-life begetter Phil Silvers, appeared in ane episode.
• Roger Phillips (Ted McGinley) – Marion'due south nephew; coach and teacher at Jefferson Loftier, until "Vocational Teaching" where he became chief at Patton High.^[xx] Introduced in 1980 afterwards Richie left the show every bit a recurring character.
• Lori Beth Allen-Cunningham (Lynda Goodfriend) – Richie's girlfriend and subsequently his wife (1977–82). She married Richie by telephone in season eight. Fonzie helped Lori Beth deliver her baby in "Petty Baby Cunningham". She returned equally a invitee star in the terminal flavor, where she is revealed to be significant with her 2nd baby.
• Ashley Pfister (Linda Purl) – Divorced mother who becomes Fonzie's steady girlfriend until they bankrupt up offscreen erstwhile before "Where the Guys Are". Purl besides played as Richie's office-time girlfriend Gloria in flavour 2.

Minor/recurring [edit]

• Marsha Simms (Beatrice Colen) (seasons i–three, 5; 22 episodes) – A carhop in the first 2 seasons. Appeared in the background of a few episodes during the first and 2d seasons before disappearing from the show in the 3rd season. However, she subsequently returned for a flashback guest appearance in the episode "Our Gang".
• Bobby Melner (Harris Kal) (seasons 8–11; 19 episodes) – Friend of Chachi and Joanie seen in episodes subsequently Richie and Ralph left the prove. He is a student in Fonzie'due south auto store grade, as well as in Roger's wellness class. At 1 point, he was also on the Jefferson Loftier basketball team, and performed in a band with Joanie and Chachi.
• Grand.C. Cunningham (Crystal Bernard) (season 10; 15 episodes) – Howard's niece. She moved in with Howard and Marion after Joanie left for Chicago. She left an all-girls boarding school in Texas because it closed downwards. Her parents are always traveling. She besides became friends with Jenny and she went on her offset date with Melvin.
• Leopold "Flip" Phillips (Billy Warlock) (seasons 9 & 10; xiii episodes) – Roger's rebellious younger brother. He ordinarily wears a shirt cut off over his navel.
• Tommy (Kevin Sullivan) (seasons viii–11; xiii episodes) – Some other friend of Chachi and Joanie in episodes later on Richie and Ralph left the testify. Similar Bobby, Tommy is a pupil in Fonzie's auto shop class, also as in Roger's wellness grade. At one indicate, he was as well on the Jefferson High basketball squad, and performed in a band with Joanie and Chachi.
• Heather Pfister (Heather O'Rourke) (season x; 12 episodes) – Ashley Pfister'south daughter. Initially did not get along with Fonzie, but gradually learned to accept him equally a male parent figure.
• Charles "Chuck" Cunningham (Gavan O'Herlihy, Randolph Roberts) (seasons 1 & 2; 11 episodes) – The oldest son of Howard and Marion Cunningham and older blood brother of Richie and Joanie, Chuck is a college student and basketball player. He is rarely seen and disappears without explanation in season iii, never to be seen nor referenced once again after Flavor two's "Fish and Fins". The character's disappearance gave rising to the debasing term "Chuck Cunningham Syndrome", used to describe TV characters that disappear from shows without an In-Universe explanation and are nowhere to be seen or mentioned again.^[21] Gavan O'Herlihy played Chuck, but so he asked to go out the serial.^[22] He was replaced by Randolph Roberts. In several late-season episodes, Howard and/or Marion make reference to being "very proud of our two children," with no on-screen reference to Chuck.
• Eugene Belvin (Denis Mandel) (seasons 8 & ix; 10 episodes) – Nerdy classmate of Joanie and Chachi, and twin brother of Melvin Belvin. Is in Fonzie's auto store class, and has a crush on Jenny Piccolo. Despite being a general stooge to his classmates at Jefferson Loftier, he often tags forth with Joanie and Chachi'south circle of friends.
• "Pocketbook" Zombroski (Neil J. Schwartz) (seasons one–4; ix episodes) – A schoolmate and leader of a gang called "The Demons".
• Police Officer Kirk / Army Reserve Major Kirk (Ed Peck) (seasons 3–x; ix episodes) – Fonzie's nemesis and antagonist, who'southward eager to demonstrate his inflated sense of authority, and on the watch for delinquents and "pinkos" (communists). Kirk took over as acting Sheriff post-obit the untimely death of Sheriff Flanaghan.
• Wendy (Misty Rowe) (season 2; 8 episodes) – A carhop from Arnold'south in season two. She was paired with Marsha Simms in five episodes.
• Melvin Belvin (Scott Bernstein) (seasons 9 & 10; 8 episodes) – Nerdy classmate of Joanie and Chachi, and twin brother of Eugene Belvin. Like his brother, Melvin often tags along with Joanie'due south and Chachi's circumvolve of friends. He one time went on a appointment with K.C. Cunningham.
• Leather Tuscadero (Suzi Quatro) (seasons five & half-dozen; seven episodes) – Musician; younger sister of Pinky Tuscadero, and a erstwhile juvenile runaway; formed her own girl group called "Leather and the Suedes".
• Jennifer Jerome (Lorrie Mahaffey) (seasons five & 6; vi episodes) – Potsie'due south steady girlfriend. Mahaffey was Anson Williams' so wife.
• Laverne De Fazio (Penny Marshall) and Shirley Feeney (Cindy Williams) (seasons 3, 6 & 7; 5 episodes) – Dating interest of Fonzie, Laverne, and her friend, Shirley, appeared prominently in three episodes during season 3 ("A Engagement with Fonzie", "Football Frolics", and "Fonzie the Superstar"), which led to the two starring in the spin-off serial Laverne & Shirley; they also make guest appearances in season six'due south "Fonzie's Funeral (Function 2)" and flavor seven's "Shotgun Wedding" (Role one) (the second part of "Shotgun Wedding" concluded on a crossover episode of Laverne and Shirley.)
• Louisa Arcola-Delvecchio (Ellen Travolta) (seasons viii–11; 5 episodes) – Female parent of Chachi Arcola; aunt of Fonzie. She married Al Delvecchio and they moved to Chicago.
• Gloria (Linda Purl) (season 2; 5 episodes) – Richie'southward occasional girlfriend in season two.
• Dr. Mickey Malph (Alan Oppenheimer, Jack Dodson) (flavor three & 4, 7; four episodes) – Ralph's father, an optometrist and, like his son, a cocky-styled comedian. Briefly separated from his married woman Minnie, but apparently resolved problems with her after a talk with Ralph. It was Dr. Malph who convinced Fonzie to wear glasses after he started having vision issues.
• Raymond "Spike" Fonzarelli (Danny Butch) (seasons 2–4; iv episodes) – Fonzie'southward cousin (frequently referred to as his nephew, merely Fonzie explains that he couldn't be his nephew as Fonzie was an but child) and his copycat. He went on a engagement with Joanie in "Non with My Sister, You Don't" and made simply fleeting appearances before the introduction of Chachi. The kinship between Spike and Chachi was never explained.
• Carol "Pinky" Tuscadero (Roz Kelly) (season 4; 3 episodes) – Erstwhile girlfriend of Fonzie and a traveling sabotage derby driver.
• Clarence (Gary Friedkin) (season 10; 3 episodes) – A cook at Arnold'south who is referred to several times throughout the testify, just never actually seen until the episode "A Woman Not Nether the Influence". There, it is revealed that Clarence is a little person. Clarence seems to accept a good relationship with Al, but likewise ofttimes upsets him while goofing off in the kitchen.
• Bill "Sticks" Downey (John-Anthony Bailey) (season 3; two episodes) – Friend of Fonzie, Richie, Potsie and Ralph and drummer for their ring, hence his nickname "Sticks", though he claimed he got the nickname because he was skinny.
• Grandma Nussbaum (Frances Bay) (seasons nine, ten & 11: three episodes) – Chachi Arcola and Fonzie'due south grandmother. Grandma Nussbaum was played by Lillian Bronson in the flavor iii episode, "Fonzie Moves In".

Notable guest stars [edit]

• Hank Aaron, the Milwaukee Braves dwelling run rex, appeared in flavour 7, episode nineteen
• Frankie Avalon appeared as himself (in flavor 9), singing his signature vocal "Venus" to a swooning Jenny Piccolo at the Leopard Lodge's annual "Poo Bah Doodah" musical
• Dr. Joyce Brothers (season 5, episode xix) appears as herself, trying to help Fonzie's dog out of a depression
• Julie Brown fabricated her idiot box debut in the seventh-flavour episode "Ahhh Wilderness" as one of 3 girls who went camping with Richie, Fonzie et al.
• Morgan Fairchild appears in flavor v, episode ten as a snooty rich socialite who tries to humiliate Fonzie
• Herbie Faye appeared as 'Popular' in the 1974 episode "Knock Effectually the Cake"
• Lorne Greene made a brief walk-on cameo during the flavour five premiere, which took identify in Hollywood
• Tom Hanks appeared in an episode as a grapheme seeking revenge on Fonzie for pushing him off a swing when the 2 of them were in the 3rd grade; the confrontation occurs only as Fonzie was about to exist given a customs leader accolade
• John Hart (TV'southward The Lone Ranger) appeared in season ix, episode 17 where Fonzie meets his childhood idol (Hart's concluding interim job)
• Christopher Knight (Peter Brady on The Brady Bunch) played Joanie'south fellow on the season five episode "Exist My Valentine"
• Cheryl Ladd appeared in "Wish Upon a Star" (flavour ii), playing the part of a Hollywood starlet Richie wins a engagement with
• Michael McKean and David L. Lander, of Laverne & Shirley, portrayed their "Lenny" and "Squiggy" characters in the sixth-flavor episode "Fonzie's Funeral (Office 2)"
• Eddie Mekka, also from Laverne & Shirley, portrayed his "Scarlet" character in the season four's "Joanie'southward Weird Swain" and the season six'southward "Fonzie'southward Funeral (Part 2)"
• Maureen McCormick (Marcia Brady on The Brady Bunch) was "Hildie" in flavor 2, episode xvi
• James Millhollin, a character player, made the terminal television set advent of his career as Mr. Rudi in the 1979 episode "Potsie Quits School"
• James Randi ("The Amazing Randi") appeared as himself in the episode "The Magic Show" (season 6)^[23]
• Buffalo Bob Smith and Bob Brunner as Clarabell the Clown appeared in the episode "The Howdy Doody Show" (season 2); the characters come up to town looking for Hullo Doody wait-alikes
• Craig Stevens, the star of detective prove Peter Gunn played Ashley Pfister'southward father in "Hello Pfisters" (flavour 10)
• Danny Thomas appeared in the episode "Grandpa's Visit" (flavour 5) as Sean Cunningham, Howard's father.
• Charlene Tilton appeared in the episode "They Shoot Fonzies, Don't They?" (flavour four) as Jill Higgins, who challenges Fonzie and Joanie at a trip the light fantastic marathon until Fonzie might have to get a crewcut.
• Robin Williams appeared in two episodes as Mork from Ork; in flavour five's "My Favorite Orkan", Mork wants to accept Richie back to Ork with him to study earthlings, which led to the spin-off Mork & Mindy; flavour vi'due south "Mork Returns" aired during the height of the popularity of Mork and Mindy
• Lyle Waggoner appeared in the episode "Dreams Tin Come True" (season 8) equally Bobby Burns, host of the game show of the aforementioned name, on which Marion appears as a contestant, and once more in the episode "Similar Mother, Like Daughter" (season xi) equally Frederick Hamilton, Marion'due south former college boyfriend.

Production [edit]

Happy Days originated during a fourth dimension of 1950s cornball interest as axiomatic in 1970s film, television, and music. In late winter of 1971, Michael Eisner was snowed in at Newark drome where he bumped into Tom Miller, head of evolution at Paramount. Eisner has stated that he told Miller, "Tom, this is ridiculous. Nosotros're wasting our time here. Let's write a show." The script treatment that came out of that did not sell. But in spite of the market research department telling them that the 1950s theme would not work, they decided to redo information technology, and this was accepted as a airplane pilot.^[24] This unsold pilot was filmed in belatedly 1971 and titled New Family in Town, with Harold Gould in the function of Howard Cunningham, Marion Ross as Marion, Ron Howard as Richie, Anson Williams as Potsie, Ric Carrott as Charles "Chuck" Cunningham, and Susan Neher as Joanie. Paramount passed on making it into a weekly series, and the pilot was recycled with the title Beloved and the Television Fix (later retitled Love and the Happy Days for syndication), for presentation on the television anthology serial Dearest, American Style. ^[25] Also in 1971, the musical Grease had a successful opening in Chicago, and by the following year became successful on Broadway. Also in 1972, George Lucas asked to view the pilot to determine if Ron Howard would be suitable to play a teenager in American Graffiti, so in pre-production. Lucas immediately bandage Howard in the film, which became one of the pinnacle-grossing films of 1973. With the movie's success generating a renewed interest in the 1950s era (although, the flick was set in 1962), Tv show creator Garry Marshall and ABC recast the unsold airplane pilot to plough Happy Days into a serial. According to Marshall in an interview, executive producer Tom Miller said while developing the sitcom, "If we do a Television set serial that takes place in another era, and when it goes into reruns, then it won't expect quondam." This fabricated sense to Marshall while on the set of the evidence.^[26]

Gould had originally been tapped to reprise the role of Howard Cunningham on the evidence. Even so, during a delay before the start of production he found work doing a play abroad and when he was notified the show was ready to brainstorm product, he declined to return because he wanted to honor his commitment.^[27] Bosley was then offered the function.

Product and scheduling notes [edit]

• Jerry Paris, who played adjacent-door neighbor Jerry Helper on The Dick Van Dyke Show and directed 84 episodes of that series,^[28] directed every episode of Happy Days from season iii on, except for three episodes in season 3 ("Jailhouse Rock", "Trip the light fantastic Competition" and "Arnold'southward Hymeneals").^[29]
• Producer and writer Bob Brunner created Arthur Fonzarelli's "Fonzie" nickname and his iconic comeback phrase, "Sit on it."^{[16] [17] [18]}
• Kickoff in September 1979 until the show went out of production, reruns of the show were syndicated under the title Happy Days Again.
• Happy Days was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions, a teaming of Thomas L. Miller with old motion picture editor Edward K. Milkis, which became Miller-Milkis-Boyett Productions when Robert 50. Boyett joined the company in 1980, and was the kickoff-ever bear witness to be produced by the company's most contempo incarnation, Miller-Boyett Productions, which followed Milkis's resignation from the partnership. Information technology was besides produced by Henderson Productions and was one of the popular shows produced in association with Paramount Television.
• In its xi seasons on the air, Happy Days is the second-longest-running sitcom in ABC'due south history (backside The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, which ran xiv seasons, from 1952 to 1966), and 1 of the longest-running primetime programs in the network's history. It is also unique in that it remained in the same time slot, leading off ABC's Tuesday night programming at 8:00 p.grand. Eastern/Pacific (7:00 p.thousand. in the Central and Mount zones) for its first ten seasons. That half-hour became a signature timeslot for ABC, with Who's the Boss? instantly entering the summit 10 when information technology was moved from Thursdays and staying in that time slot for 6 seasons, followed by the equally family-friendly sitcom Total House (another Miller-Boyett co-production). That sitcom also hit the superlative 10 immediately after inheriting the Tuesday at viii:00/seven:00 p.m. slot and and so stayed at that place for four seasons.
• Happy Days besides proved to be quite popular in daytime reruns; they joined the ABC daytime schedule in 1975, airing reruns at 11:xxx a.m. ET (ten:30 a.m. CT/MT/PT), being moved to 11:00/10:00 a.m. in 1977, paired with Family Feud following at 11:30/x:thirty a.grand. It was replaced on the daytime schedule past reruns of its spin-off, Laverne & Shirley, in April 1979.
• CBS programming caput Fred Silverman scheduled the Maude spin-off Good Times direct against Happy Days during their respective second seasons in an attempt to kill the ABC show'southward growing popularity. In a way this move backfired on Silverman, equally he was named president of ABC in 1975, thus forcing him to come with a fashion to save the show he tried to kill the twelvemonth before. After having knocked Happy Days out of the elevation 20 programs on tv set his concluding year at CBS, Silverman had the serial at the top of the Nielsen ratings by 1977 (see beneath). Proficient Times was subsequently cancelled in 1979.
• Ron Howard afterward revealed that many of the outside scenes filmed in Happy Days were really shot in Munster, Indiana.
• The official series finale ("Passages") aired on May 8, 1984. Simply there were five "leftover" episodes that ABC didn't take time to air during the regular flavor due to the Winter Olympics and the spring run of a.k.a. Pablo. Four of these aired on Thursday nights during the summer of 1984; the fifth ("Fonzie's Spots") aired on September 24, 1984.

Production styles [edit]

The offset two seasons of Happy Days (1974–75) were filmed using a single-photographic camera setup and express joy track. 1 episode of flavour 2 ("Fonzie Gets Married") was filmed in front end of a studio audition with three cameras as a exam run. From the tertiary flavor on (1975–84), the show was a three-camera product in front of a live audience (with a bandage fellow member, usually Tom Bosley, announcing in voice-over, "Happy Days is filmed before a alive audience" at the commencement of most episodes), giving these subsequently seasons a markedly unlike style. A laugh runway was however used during post-production to smooth over live reactions.

Garry Marshall's earlier television set serial The Odd Couple had undergone an identical modify in product fashion afterwards its first flavour in 1970–71.

Sets [edit]

Richie and Fonzie view his destroyed motorcycle in his living room, 1976. Fonzie'southward flat was over the Cunninghams' garage.

The show had two main sets: the Cunningham home and Arnold's/Al'due south Bulldoze-In.

In seasons one and two, the Cunningham house was arranged with the front door on the left and the kitchen on the right of screen, in a triangular organisation. From flavour three on, the house was rearranged to adjust multiple cameras and a studio audition.

The Cunninghams' official address is 565 Due north Clinton Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.^[30] The house that served as the exterior of the Cunningham residence is really located at 565 Due north Cahuenga Boulevard (south of Melrose Avenue) in Los Angeles,^[31] several blocks from the Paramount lot on Melrose Avenue.

The Milky way Drive-In, located on Port Washington Road in the North Shore suburb of Glendale, Wisconsin (now Kopp'south Frozen Custard Stand), was the inspiration for the original Arnold's Drive-In; it has since been demolished. The exterior of Arnold'southward was a standing assail the Paramount Studios lot that has since been demolished. This exterior was shut to Phase xix, where the residue of the show'due south sets were located.

The set of the diner in the first flavour was a room with the same vague details of the later set, such as the paneling, and the higher pennants. When the show changed to a studio product in 1975, the fix was widened and the entrance was hidden, simply allowed an upstage, central entrance for bandage members. The barely-seen kitchen was also upstaged and seen only through a pass-through window. The diner had orange booths, downstage center for closeup conversation, as well as camera left. In that location were ii restroom doors photographic camera right, labeled "Guys" and "Dolls". A 1953 Seeburg Model Chiliad jukebox (with replaced metal pilasters from Wico Corp.) was positioned photographic camera right, and an anachronistic "Nip-It" pinball auto (really produced in 1972) was positioned far camera right.

Potsie, Richie, Fonzie, and Ralph Malph at Arnold's, 1975

College pennants adorned the walls, including Purdue and University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, along with a blue and white sign reading "Jefferson High School". Milwaukee's Washington Loftier Schoolhouse provided the inspiration for the exteriors of the fictional Jefferson.

In a two-role episode from the 7th season, the original Arnold's Drive-In was written out of the serial as being destroyed by fire (see List of Happy Days episodes, episodes 159 and 160). In the last seasons that covered the 1960s timeline, a new Arnold'southward Bulldoze-In prepare (to portray the new Arnold's that replaced the original Arnold's destroyed by the burn down) emerged in a 1960s decor with wood paneling and stained glass. Also, in seasons viii and 9, the new drive-in was named "Fonzie & Big Al" because Fonzie and Al co-owned the new establishment in a partnership.

In 2004, ii decades afterwards the first gear up was destroyed, the Happy Days 30th Anniversary Reunion requested that the reunion take place in Arnold'south. The set was rebuilt by production designer James Yarnell based on the original flooring plan. The reunion special was taped at CBS Boob tube Urban center's Bob Barker Studio in September 2004.^[32]

Theme music [edit]

Season i used a newly recorded version of "Rock Around the Clock" by Bill Haley & His Comets (recorded in the fall of 1973) as the opening theme song. This recording was non commercially released at the fourth dimension, although the original 1954 recording returned to the American Billboard charts in 1974 equally a effect of the song's utilise on the show. The "Happy Days" recording had its first commercial release in 2005 by the German label Hydra Records. (When Happy Days entered syndication in 1979, the series was retitled Happy Days Once more and used an edited version of the 1954 recording instead of the 1973 version.) In some prints intended for reruns and overseas broadcasts, as well as on the Season 2 DVD set up release and later re-releases of the Season 1 DVD ready, the original "Rock Around the Clock" opening theme is replaced past the more standard "Happy Days" theme, because of music rights problems.

The evidence's closing theme vocal in seasons 1 and two was a fragment from "Happy Days" (although in a different recording with a different lyric from that which would go the standard version), whose music was composed past Charles Fox and whose lyric was written by Norman Gimbel. Co-ordinate to SAG, this version was performed by Jim Haas on pb vocals, The Ron Hicklin Singers, Stan Farber, Jerry Whitman, and Gary Garrett on backing vocals, and studio musicians.

From seasons three to ten inclusive, a longer version of "Happy Days" replaced "Rock Around the Clock" at the commencement of the show. Released as a single in 1976 past Pratt & McClain, "Happy Days" cracked the Superlative five. The evidence itself finished the 1976–77 telly season at No. 1, catastrophe the v-twelvemonth Nielsen reign of All in the Family unit.

For the evidence's 11th and final season (1983–84), the theme was rerecorded in a more modern style. It featured Bobby Arvon on lead vocals, with several redundancy vocalists. To back-trail this new version, new opening credits were filmed, and the flashing Happy Days logo was reanimated to create an overall "new" experience which incorporated 1980s sensibilities with 1950s nostalgia (although past this time the show was gear up in 1965).

Merchandising revenue lawsuit [edit]

On April 19, 2011, Happy Days co-stars Erin Moran, Don Nearly, Marion Ross and Anson Williams, as well as the estate of Tom Bosley (who died in 2010), filed a $10 million breach-of-contract lawsuit against CBS, which owns the prove, claiming they had not been paid for merchandising revenues owed under their contracts.^[33] The bandage members claimed they had not received revenues from show-related items, including comic books, T-shirts, scrapbooks, trading cards, games, luncheon boxes, dolls, toy cars, magnets, greeting cards and DVDs where their images appear on the box covers. Under their contracts, they were supposed to be paid 5% of the net gain of merchandising if their sole prototype were used, and one-half that amount if they were in a grouping. CBS said it owed the actors $viii,500 and $nine,000 each, well-nigh of information technology from slot machine revenues, but the grouping said they were owed millions.^[34] The lawsuit was initiated afterward Ross was informed by a friend playing slots at a casino of a Happy Days machine on which players win the jackpot when five Marion Rosses are rolled.

In October 2011, a judge rejected the group'southward fraud claim, which meant they could non receive millions of dollars in potential damages.^[35] On June v, 2012, a judge denied a motion filed by CBS to accept the case thrown out, which meant it would become to trial on July 17 if the matter was not settled by so.^[36] In July 2012, the actors settled their lawsuit with CBS. Each received a payment of $65,000 and a promise by CBS to continue honoring the terms of their contracts.^{[37] [38]}

Legacy [edit]

In 1978, role player Robin Williams made his screen debut during the fifth season of Happy Days, as the character "Mork" in the episode "My Favorite Orkan."^[39] Sought later on as a concluding-minute cast replacement for a departing actor, Williams impressed the producer with his quirky sense of humor when he sabbatum on his head when asked to have a seat for the audition.^{[forty] [41]} While portraying Mork on Happy Days, Williams improvised much of his dialogue and physical comedy, speaking in a high, nasal voice, and he fabricated the most of the script. The cast and coiffure, as well as TV network executives were deeply impressed with his functioning. Every bit such, the executives moved quickly to go the performer on contract just iv days later before competitors could brand their ain offers.^[42]

In 1980, the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution asked Henry Winkler to donate one of Fonzie's leather jackets.^{[43] [44] [45]}

In 1985, Jon Hein adult the phrase jumping the shark in response to an episode of Happy Days, (Flavour five, Episode 91) called "Hollywood: Part 3, written past Fred Play a joke on, Jr.^[46] which aired on September 20, 1977. In this episode, Fonzie jumps over a shark while on water-skis.^{[47] [48] [49]} The phrase is used to suggest that a artistic outlet appears to be making a misguided endeavor at generating new attention or publicity for something that is perceived to be in one case, but no longer, widely popular.^{[fifty] [51]} In a 2019 interview with NPR, Terry Gross asked Henry Winkler (Fonzie) what information technology was "about that scene or that episode that came to signify when something's time is upwardly - when it's over?" Winkler responded: "Y'all know what? I don't know. To them, the Fonz water skiing was but like the final straw. The only thing is it wasn't to the audience because we were No. 1 for years afterward that. So it didn't much affair to anybody."^[52] In improver, he told TheWrap in 2018 that he is "not embarrassed" by the phrase. He stated that "newspapers would mention jumping the shark...and they would show a flick of me in my leather jacket and swim shorts h2o-skiing. And at that time I had dandy legs. And then I thought, 'I don't intendance.' And nosotros were No. ane for the next four or five years."^[53] As his character Barry Zuckerkorn (in the sitcom Arrested Development) hopped over a shark in Episode thirteen of the second season, Winkler too noted that there "was a book, there was a board game and it is an expression that is still used today ... [and] I'chiliad very proud that I am the only thespian, maybe in the earth, that has jumped the shark twice — once on Happy Days, and one time on Arrested Development."^[53]

In 1999 Idiot box Guide ranked Fonzie as number iv on its fifty Greatest TV Characters of All Time list.^[54]

In a 2001 poll conducted by Aqueduct iv in the UK, the Fonz was ranked 13th on their list of the 100 Greatest Telly Characters.^[55]

In 2008, American creative person Gerald P. Sawyer, unveiled the Statuary Fonz (a public artwork) on the Milwaukee Riverwalk in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin.^[56]

Dwelling media [edit]

Paramount Abode Entertainment and CBS DVD accept released the beginning six seasons of Happy Days on DVD in Region one, equally of Dec 2, 2014.^[57] For the 2d season, CBS features music replacements due to copyright issues, including the theme song "Rock Around the Clock". ('The Complete First Season' retains the original opening, as it was released before CBS was involved.) Only season 3 and four of the DVD release contain the original music.^[58] The sixth flavour was released on December 2, 2014.^[59] It is unknown if the remaining 5 seasons will be released.

The season 7 premiere "Shotgun Nuptials: Office 1" was too released on the Laverne & Shirley season 5 DVD. To date, this is the last episode released on home media.

Seasons 1 to four have also been released on DVD in the Britain and in regions 2 and 4.

DVD name	No. of episodes	Release dates
		Region ane	Region ii	Region 4
The Consummate Start Season	16	Baronial 17, 2004	Baronial 27, 2007	September xix, 2007
The Second Flavor	23	April 17, 2007	November 12, 2007	March vi, 2008
The Third Flavor	24	November 27, 2007	April 7, 2008	September 4, 2008
The Fourth Flavor	25	December 9, 2008	Jan 9, 2011	February 5, 2009
The Fifth Flavor	26	May 20, 2014
The Sixth Season	27	December ii, 2014

Reunion specials [edit]

There have been two reunion specials which aired on ABC: the commencement was The Happy Days Reunion Special originally aired in March 1992, followed by Happy Days: 30th Anniversary Reunion in Feb 2005 to commemorate the plan'south 30th anniversary. Both were set up in interview/clip format.

Spin-offs [edit]

Happy Days resulted in seven different spin-off series, including two that were animated: Laverne & Shirley, Blansky'south Beauties, Mork & Mindy, Out of the Blueish, Joanie Loves Chachi, The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang (animated) and Laverne & Shirley with The Fonz (blithe).

• The most successful of these spin-offs, Laverne & Shirley (1976–83) starring Penny Marshall and Cindy Williams, respectively, also took identify in early/mid-1960s Milwaukee. As Shotz Brewery workers, modeled afterward the Miller, Schlitz, and Pabst Breweries once located in Milwaukee, Laverne and Shirley find themselves in adventures with The Fonz, Lenny and Squiggy and even the Cunninghams also living in the midwestern metropolis. The two starring characters eventually moved to Los Angeles in the show'due south subsequently years. Penny Marshall was the sister of producer Garry Marshall. Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley had a crossover episode, "Shotgun Wedding ceremony", in which Richie and Fonzie get into trouble with a farmer for courting his daughters, and Laverne and Shirley try to help them. Office one is the flavour 7 premiere of Happy Days and part two is the flavour five premiere of Laverne & Shirley.
• After Robin Williams appeared as Mork in "My Favorite Orkan", he was given his own sitcom, Mork & Mindy (1978–82). In this series, Mork is an alien from the planet Ork, who lands in 1970s Boulder, Colorado, to study humans. He moves in with Pam Dawber's grapheme of Mindy McConnell.
• Joanie Loves Chachi (1982–83) was a short-lived show about Richie's younger sister Joanie and Fonzie's younger cousin Chachi's relationship during their years as musicians in Chicago. While commonly believed that the bear witness was canceled due to low ratings, the program finished in the Top 20 its first season, but ABC determined that the show was losing as well much of its atomic number 82-in, suggesting low appeal if the show were moved (a suggestion that came to be realized, as the show's ratings dropped dramatically after a motility to another fourth dimension slot in its 2nd season). This type of cancellation seemed strange in the early 1980s, but soon became a commonplace role of Idiot box audience inquiry.
• Out of the Blue (1979) is a spin-off of Happy Days, though a scheduling mistake had the series ambulation prior to the main grapheme's introduction on Happy Days.
• Blansky's Beauties (1977) starred Nancy Walker equally erstwhile Las Vegas showgirl Nancy Blansky. Ane week before the bear witness's premiere, the Blansky character appeared on Happy Days as a cousin of Howard Cunningham. Scott Baio and Lynda Goodfriend co-starred earlier joining Happy Days the following fall, and Pat Morita reprised his role of Arnold. Similarly, Eddie Mekka of Laverne & Shirley played the cousin of his Scarlet character, while pulling double duty as a regular in both shows.

Spin-off pilots that did non succeed include The Ralph and Potsie Show besides as The Pinky Tuscadero Show.^[60]

In other media [edit]

Books [edit]

A series of novels based on characters and dialog of the serial was written past William Johnston and published by Tempo Books in the 1970s.

Comic books [edit]

Western Publishing published a Happy Days comic volume series in 1979 under their Gold Key Comics brand and Whitman Comics brand.

Animation [edit]

In that location are 2 animated series, both produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions in association with Paramount Boob tube (now known as CBS Television Distribution). The Fonz and the Happy Days Gang ran from 1980 to 1982. In that location are also animated spin-offs of Laverne & Shirley (Laverne & Shirley in the Regular army) and Mork & Mindy (centering on a young Mork and Mindy in high school). The post-obit flavor, they were connected together as Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour (1982).^[61]

Musicals [edit]

In the late 1990s, a touring arena show called Happy Days: The Loonshit Spectacular toured Australia's major cities.^[62] The story featured a property programmer, and former girlfriend of Fonzie'south, called Miss Frost (Rebecca Gibney), wanting to buy the diner and redevelop information technology. It starred Craig McLachlan as Fonzie, Max Gillies and Wendy Hughes as Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham, Doug Parkinson as Al, and Jo Beth Taylor as Richie's beloved involvement Laura. Tom Bosley presented an introduction earlier each performance live on stage, and pop grouping Homo Nature played a 1950s-style rock group.

Another stage show, Happy Days: A New Musical, began touring in 2008.^{[63] [64]}

Music videos [edit]

The music video for the song Buddy Holly (which takes place at Arnold'south Drive-in) by Weezer features footage from the serial, including clips of Richie, Potsie, Ralph Malph, Joanie, and Fonzie.^[65] Al Molinaro also reprises his role as Al Delvecchio in the video, joking about how bad his fish is at the offset and cease of the video.

See also [edit]

• Fonz (video game)

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Tied with Petrocelli
2. ^ Tied with Mork & Mindy
3. ^ Tied with Too Close for Comfort
4. ^ Tied with Piffling House: A New First
5. ^ A circulate date of September 24, 1984, for Fonzie's Spots has not been verified.

References [edit]

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3. ^ Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). The Consummate Directory to Prime number Fourth dimension Network and Cablevision Television Shows 1946 – Nowadays (ninth ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 580–582. ISBN9780307483201.
4. ^ Crupi, Anthony (May 2017). "Happy Days for broadcasters* *equally long as they're selling sports". aphorism.com. Advertising Age. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
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8. ^ 1983–84 Ratings History TV Ratings Guide
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    Annotation: Eisner states that snowstorm happened when his son was iii months old. Breck Eisner was built-in on Dec 24, 1970, then this means that the first handling was written in tardily winter of 1970 (~March or April).
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    Perlow, Bob; Cummins, Richard John (2016). The Warmup Guy. Random House. p. 30.
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External links [edit]

• Happy Days at IMDb
• Happy Days at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television results

coxmencre1945.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Days

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